Understanding and Using Phrasal Verbs
(英語の後に日本語が続きます / Japanese follows English)
Phrasal verbs are special kinds of verbs made up of two or more words. They are formed by combining a main verb with one or more small words called particles. These particles can be prepositions or adverbs. Phrasal verbs have meanings that can be different from the meanings of the individual words they are made of.
For example, let's look at the phrasal verb "take off." It is formed by combining the verb "take" with the particle "off." When we say "take off," it means to remove something, like taking off your jacket or taking off your shoes.
Phrasal verbs are important to learn because they are used a lot in everyday English conversations. They can make your English sound more natural and fluent. It's fun to learn and use phrasal verbs because they add more color and expression to your language.
句動詞は、2つ以上の単語から構成される特別な種類の動詞です。これらは、主動詞と前置詞または副詞と呼ばれる1つ以上の小さな単語（粒子）を組み合わせて作られます。句動詞は、それらを構成する個々の単語の意味とは異なる意味を持ちます。
例えば、句動詞「take off」を見てみましょう。これは、動詞「take」と粒子「off」を組み合わせて形成されます。「take off」と言うと、ジャケットを脱ぐや靴を脱ぐなど、何かを取り除くことを意味します。
句動詞を学ぶことは重要です。なぜなら、日常の英会話で頻繁に使用されるからです。句動詞を使うことで、英語がより自然で流暢に聞こえるようになります。句動詞を学び、使うことは楽しいです。なぜなら、言語に色と表現を加えるからです。
Here are 10 commonly used phrasal verbs:
Look up: to search for information.
”I need to look up the definition of this word.”
”Let's look up the movie timings online.”Take off: to remove something.
”Please take off your hat inside the classroom.”
”It's hot, so I'm going to take off my jacket.”Put on: to wear or dress in something.
”Remember to put on your coat before going outside.”
”She put on her favorite dress for the party.”Turn on: to activate or start a device or appliance.
”Can you please turn on the lights in the room?”
”I turned on the TV to watch my favorite show.”Pick up: to lift or collect something.
”Can you pick up the toys and put them in the box?”
”She picked up a book from the library.”Give up: to stop trying or quit.
”Don't give up, keep practicing and you'll improve.”
”He gave up playing the piano after a few lessons.”Look after: to take care of someone or something.
”Can you look after my pet dog while I'm away?”
”I have to look after my little sister while mom is out.”Wake up: to stop sleeping and open your eyes.
”I usually wake up at 7 o'clock in the morning.”
”Please wake me up early tomorrow for school.”Get up: to rise from a lying or sitting position.
”It's time to get up and get ready for school.”
”He got up from the chair and answered the door.”Turn off: to switch off or stop the operation of a device.
”Remember to turn off the computer when you're done.”
”Can you please turn off the music? It's too loud.”
OK, are you ready to try some for yourself? The following 12 questions contain some phrasal verbs not found in the list above. Do you know what they are?
よし、自分で試してみる準備はできましたか？以下の12の質問には、先ほどのリストにはないいくつかの句動詞が含まれています。それらを知っていますか？
Please ________ your shoes before entering the house.
We need to ________ new words in the dictionary.
He always ________ his little sister when their parents are away.
Can you ________ the TV? I want to watch the news.
They need to ________ the trash on Mondays and Thursdays.
She ________ her jacket before going outside.
It's time to ________ and get ready for school.
I have to ________ my daughter after school.
Don't ________ on your dreams. Keep working hard!
The kids need to ________ their room before going to bed.
I need to ________ a new phone. Mine is old.
Can you ________ the music? It's too loud.
(*Answers below)
Remember, phrasal verbs are common in English, and practicing them will make your conversations more natural and fluent. So have fun learning and using them in your everyday English!
句動詞は英語でよく使われるものです。それらを練習することで、会話がより自然で流暢になります。だから、楽しみながら句動詞を学んで、日常の英語で使ってみてください！
(Answers: 1. take off; 2. look up; 3. looks after; 4. turn on; 5. take out; 6. put on; 7. wake up; 8. pick up; 9. give up; 10. tidy/clean up; 11. look for; 12. turn off/down)